Three principal groups or series of hydrocarbon compounds that occur naturally in crude oil. Naphthenic oils are made from crude oil distillates that are more nearly louisianagrade, rather than pennsylvaniagrade. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pah present in these heavy streams may cause. Tarasenko, physical chemistry of nonaqueous solutions in russian, khimiya, moscowleningrad 1973. Oils with of pah concentration less than 3 wt % are labeled as.
Table of partially exempt petroleum process streams. Historically, the methods up until the end of the 1990s 5,8,9 were purely focused on quality control of mineral oil products. Notes on heavy fuel oil american bureau of shipping. Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from heavy. Their resistance to chemical change or oxidation is very good.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources and are released from a wide range of industries and everyday activities. The cyclic hydrocarbons, both naphthenic and aromatic, can add paraffinside chains in place of some of the hydrogen attached to the ring carbons and forma mixed structure. In the case of transformers there is a lot more historical data and knowledge on naphthenics than on paraffinics, and naphthenic oil has traditionally been considered the gold standard. Process oil market by type aromatic, paraffinic, naphthenic. In this unit, you will learn more about hydrocarbons. Effects on fish of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs. Aromatic hydrocarbons containa benzene ring which is unsaturated but very stable and frequently. Therefore it is the type of hydrocarbon paraffinic, naphthenic, or aromatic rather than its specific chemical compounds that is significant in the refining process. Cas number, it is a mixture free of aromatic hydrocarbons accop 2001, 2004. Two naphthenic distillate fractions taken from an industrial plant were hydrotreated in pilot plant at different temperatures. Base oil viscosity cst 235 370 505 235 370 505 wear scar mm 2. A naphthenic specialty oil as an alternative to brightstock.
The ratios of these ingredients vary in oil fractions resulting from crude oil distillation 7. Aromatic hydrocarbon an overview sciencedirect topics. The answer is not so straightforward because the application will drive the choice of oil. A series of 15 highviscosity mineral oils obtained from naphthenic distillates, including used, recycled and pooled oils, were examined for mutagenic activity in the s. Alkanes are described as saturated hydrocarbons, while alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are said to be unsaturated. The interest in analyzing mineral oils and their components has increased considerably over the past decade. Aromatic hydrocarbons are circularly structured organic compounds that contain sigma bonds along with delocalized pi electrons.
Naphthenic oils are sometimes called pale oils due to their pale color. Some typical aromatic compounds are shown infigur4. Classification of crude oils and its fractions on the basis of. Dynamics of two methanogenic microbiomes incubated in. Unlike many other organic chemical contaminants that are manufactured and regulated, pahs continue to be released on a global scale because of the worlds dependence on fossil. Naphthenic compounds are sometimes called naphthenes, cycloparaffins or hydrogenated benzenes. Molecular modeling of isomer effects in naphthenic and.
Lower values of this factor indicate hydrocarbons with more naphthenic or aromatic components. Analytical methods for the determination of mineral oil. The fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons fcc is a. Naphthenicaromatic hydrocarbon compositions hansen.
Intermolecular interaction of paraffinicnaphthenic and. Request pdf the effect of aliphatic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons on production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in rat brain synaptosome fraction. Thus, you can well understand the importance of hydrocarbons in your daily life. In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Pdf classification of crude oils and its fractions on the basis of. However, ofpw is difficult to biologically degrade because it contains complex compounds such as naphthenic acids nas, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs. Naphthenearomatic hydrocarbons in oils of different genesis. May 11, 2017 oil field produced water ofpw is widely produced in large volumes around the world. Effect of certain naphthenicaromatic hydrocarbons on solid. They are also referred to as arenes or aryl hydrocarbons. Naphthenebenzene and naphthenenaphthalene molecules contain one to six naphthenic cycles, whereas.
Jun 28, 2016 in this study, the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons pahs from heavy naphthenic oils hnos on commercial activated carbons was evaluated. Naphthenic definition of naphthenic by the free dictionary. In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring possibly with side chains, and all of the carboncarbon bonds are single. In drilling fluids, particularly oilbase muds, the amounts and types of hydrocarbons in the mud can be an important parameter in the overall. A predominantly naphthenicaromatic hydrocarbon composition comprising from about 5 to about 50 parts per weight of indene cumarone resins and from about 50 to about 95 parts per weight of a mineral oil cut having a boiling range between about 200 c. Hydrocarbons of biogenic origin in petroleumaromatic triterpenes and bicyclic sesquiterpenes, in. What is naphthenic base oils properties articles solver. Determination of aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic carbon.
The paraffinic series of hydrocarbon compounds found in crude oil have. Intermolecular interaction of paraffinicnaphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons of mineral oils. They are rich in cycloparaffins which are also called naphthenes. Determination of aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic carbon in mineral base oils using ftir experimental 1 mm syringes with appropriate fittings were used to transfer the oil samples into the cell. Hydrocarbon no range 1530 15 1550 boiling point range c 300600 molecular structures mixtures of alkanes complex and variable mixtures of straight and branchedchain paraffinic, naphthenic cycloparaffinic, and aromatic hydrocarbons complex substances of hydrocarbon components. Bureau of mines correlation index bmci or ci is useful for characterization of crude oil fractions. Most of the pahs with low vapour pressure in the air are adsorbed on particles. The results show that pca are reduced as hydrotreating temperature increases. There are no toxicological studies with a mixture accurately corresponding to. Difference between aromatic,paraffinic and naphthenic oil. A few examples of aromatic hydrocarbons are provided below. They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs. Jul 01, 2001 the effect of aliphatic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons on production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in rat brain synaptosome fraction.
Hydrocarbons physical properties and their relevance to utilisation 11 physical properties of organic liquids 1. Pdf effects on fish of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs. The minimum amount of sediment is formed when the naphthenic aromatic hydrocarbons under investigation are added to decalin, and the maximum amount when they are added to. Request pdf molecular modeling of isomer effects in naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons the vapor pressure and liquid density of 12 aromatic and 11 naphthenic hydrocarbons are studied to. Transforming the organic matter in ofpw into bioenergy, such as biomethane, is one promising way to sustainability. Yield of aromatics from naphthenics upon catalytic cracking. They have a relatively low solubility in water, but are highly lipophilic. Among the aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are usually present in heavy oils and are contaminants that have potential carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. Difference between aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic oil crude oil is a naturally mixture of hydrocarbons, generally in the liquid state, that may also include compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals and other elements. Hydrocarbons physical properties and their relevance to.
It can be observed that all these compounds contain a benzene ring. The spectra for oil samples were recorded from 2000 cm1 to 450 cm1 using 0. Naphthenic aromatic hydrocarbons give a considerable reduction in the thermaloxidative stability of hydrocarbon fuels and are the cause and source of insoluble resin and sediment formation at elevated temperatures. Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treated ncbi bookshelf. Naphtha is a refined petroleum fraction that contains a high percentage of these types of hydrocarbons. The cyclic hydrocarbons, both naphthenic and aromatic, can add paraffinside chains in place of some of the hydrogen. Aromatic hydrocarbon compounds are hydrocarbons containing one or more aromatic rings, such as the singlering benzene as well as the multiring systems.